其他文章/不再维护

用Python爬取知乎/PRL/PRB等页面的文章

发布时间：

最近修改时间：2023年11月6日

说明：本篇仅仅是一些爬虫的练习例子，实际应用不大。

（1）爬取知乎

知乎中有很多不错的科研笔记。虽然知乎有关注的功能，但最新的文章经常被淹没在各种点赞和回答中。本篇通过Python爬取自己关注的知乎主页，文章按时间排列，将最新的文章的链接保存至HTML文件中。由于没有写模拟登录知乎的代码，因此每个主页只能爬取到最新的两篇文章。同时代码运行是覆盖之前的数据，所以一个博主的文章始终只是显示最新的两篇。此外，如果主页设置了隐私保护，可能无法爬取。阅读更多文章可直接访问各个博主的知乎主页。爬虫程序可设置为计划任务，每日运行一次自动更新。

"""
This code is supported by the website: https://www.guanjihuan.com
The newest version of this code is on the web page: https://www.guanjihuan.com/archives/17937
"""

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.request import urlopen
import re  
import datetime

year = datetime.datetime.now().year
month = datetime.datetime.now().month
day = datetime.datetime.now().day

# 获取链接

# 由于没有模拟登录知乎，因此只能爬取到最新的两篇文章
authors = ["https://www.zhihu.com/people/guanjihuan/posts"]  # Guan

match_href = []
for i0 in range(len(authors)):
    start_link = authors[i0]
    html = urlopen(start_link).read().decode('utf-8')  # 打开网页
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, features='lxml') # 放入soup中
    all_a_tag = soup.find_all('a', href=True)  # 获取超链接标签
    for a_tag in all_a_tag:
        href = a_tag['href']  # 超链接字符串
        if re.search('//zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/', href) and not re.search('edit', href): # 文章的链接
            if re.search('https:', href)==None:  # 如果链接不是完整的，那么补充完整
                href = 'https:'+ href
            if href not in match_href:
                match_href.append(href)


# 对链接进行排序
numbers = []
match_href_new = [] 
for href in match_href:
    numbers.append(int(href[29:]))
numbers.sort(reverse = True)
for n in numbers:
    match_href_new.append('https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/'+str(n))


# 获取内容并写入文件
f = open('zhihu.html', 'w', encoding='UTF-8') 
f.write('<meta charset="utf-8"><style type="text/css">a{text-decoration: none;color: #004e4e;}a:hover {text-decoration: underline;color: red; }</style>')

f.write('<p>'+str(year)+'.'+str(month).rjust(2,'0')+'.'+str(day).rjust(2,'0')+' 已更新</p>')
for href in match_href_new: 
    try:
        html = urlopen(href).read().decode('utf-8')   # 打开文章链接
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html, features='lxml') # 放入soup中
        title = soup.title   # 文章标题
        f.write('<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"')
        f.write(str(href))   # 文章链接
        f.write('\">')
        f.write(str(title.get_text()[:-5]))
        f.write('</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;') 
        author = soup.find("span", {"class": "UserLink AuthorInfo-name"})
        f.write(str(author.get_text()+'&nbsp;&nbsp;'))
        post_time = soup.find("div", {"class" : "ContentItem-time"})
        f.write(str(post_time.get_text()[4:-6])+'</li>')
    except:
        pass
f.close()

（2）爬取PRL

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.request import urlopen
import re  
import datetime


year = datetime.datetime.now().year
month = datetime.datetime.now().month
day = datetime.datetime.now().day


f = open('prl.html', 'w', encoding='UTF-8') 
f.write('<meta charset="utf-8"><style type="text/css">a{text-decoration: none;color: #0a5794;}a:hover {text-decoration: underline;color: red; }</style>')
f.write('<p>'+str(year)+'.'+str(month).rjust(2,'0')+'.'+str(day).rjust(2,'0')+' 已更新</p>')

match_href = []
for loop in range(1):
    if loop == 0:
        start_link = "https://journals.aps.org/prl/recent"  # 看第一页
    # elif loop == 1:
    #     start_link = "https://journals.aps.org/prl/recent?page=2"  # 看第二页
    html = urlopen(start_link).read().decode('utf-8')  # 打开网页
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, features='lxml') # 放入soup中
    all_article = soup.find_all('div', {"class":"article panel article-result"})
    for article in all_article:
        all_a_tag = article.find_all('a', href=True)  # 获取超链接标签
        for a_tag in all_a_tag:
            href = a_tag['href']  # 超链接字符串
            if re.search('/abstract/', href): # 文章的链接
                if re.search('https://journals.aps.org', href)==None:  # 如果链接不是完整的，那么补充完整
                    href = 'https://journals.aps.org'+ href
                if href not in match_href and re.search('\?', href)==None:  # 链接不重复
                    match_href.append(href)
                    f.write('<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"')
                    f.write(href)   # 文章链接
                    f.write('\">')
                    f.write(a_tag.get_text())
                    f.write('</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;')
        info = article.find('h6', {"class": "pub-info"}).get_text()
        f.write(re.findall('– Published.*', info, re.S)[0][12:]+'</li>')
f.close()

（3）爬取PRB

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.request import urlopen
import re  
import datetime


year = datetime.datetime.now().year
month = datetime.datetime.now().month
day = datetime.datetime.now().day


f = open('prb.html', 'w', encoding='UTF-8') 
f.write('<meta charset="utf-8"><style type="text/css">a{text-decoration: none;color: #0a5794;}a:hover {text-decoration: underline;color: red; }</style>')
f.write('<p>'+str(year)+'.'+str(month).rjust(2,'0')+'.'+str(day).rjust(2,'0')+' 已更新</p>')

match_href = []
for loop in range(1):
    if loop == 0:
        start_link = "https://journals.aps.org/prb/recent"  # 看第一页
    # elif loop == 1:
    #     start_link = "https://journals.aps.org/prb/recent?page=2"  # 看第二页
    html = urlopen(start_link).read().decode('utf-8')  # 打开网页
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, features='lxml') # 放入soup中
    all_article = soup.find_all('div', {"class":"article panel article-result"}) 
    for article in all_article:
        all_a_tag = article.find_all('a', href=True)  # 获取超链接标签
        for a_tag in all_a_tag:
            href = a_tag['href']  # 超链接字符串
            if re.search('/abstract/', href): # 文章的链接
                if re.search('https://journals.aps.org', href)==None:  # 如果链接不是完整的，那么补充完整
                    href = 'https://journals.aps.org'+ href
                if href not in match_href and re.search('\?', href)==None:  # 链接不重复
                    match_href.append(href)
                    f.write('<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"')
                    f.write(href)   # 文章链接
                    f.write('\">')
                    f.write(a_tag.get_text())
                    f.write('</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;')
        info = article.find('h6', {"class": "pub-info"}).get_text()
        f.write(re.findall('– Published .*', info, re.S)[0][12:]+'</li>')
f.close()

（4）爬取physics magazine

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.request import urlopen
import re  
import datetime


year = datetime.datetime.now().year
month = datetime.datetime.now().month
day = datetime.datetime.now().day

f = open('physics_magazine.html', 'w', encoding='UTF-8') 
f.write('<meta charset="utf-8"><style type="text/css">a{text-decoration: none;color: #0a5794;}a:hover {text-decoration: underline;color: red; }</style>')
f.write('<p>'+str(year)+'.'+str(month).rjust(2,'0')+'.'+str(day).rjust(2,'0')+' 已更新</p>')

match_href = []
start_link = "https://physics.aps.org/"
html = urlopen(start_link).read().decode('utf-8')  # 打开网页
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, features='lxml') # 放入soup中
all_articles = soup.find_all('div', {"class":"feed-item-details"})
for article in all_articles:
    all_a_tag = article.find_all('a', href=True)  # 获取超链接标签
    for a_tag in all_a_tag:
        href = a_tag['href']  # 超链接字符串
        if re.search('/articles/', href): # 文章的链接
            if re.search('https://physics.aps.org', href)==None:  # 如果链接不是完整的，那么补充完整
                href = 'https://physics.aps.org'+ href
            if href not in match_href:
                match_href.append(href)
                f.write('<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"')
                f.write(href)   # 文章链接
                f.write('\">')
                f.write(a_tag.get_text())
                f.write('</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;')
    time = article.find('time', {"class": "feed-item-date"}).get_text()
    f.write(time+'</li>')
f.close()

（5）爬取nature physics

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.request import urlopen
import re  
import datetime


year = datetime.datetime.now().year
month = datetime.datetime.now().month
day = datetime.datetime.now().day


f = open('nature_physics.html', 'w', encoding='UTF-8') 
f.write('<meta charset="utf-8"><style type="text/css">a{text-decoration: none;color: #0a5794;}a:hover {text-decoration: underline;color: red; }</style>')
f.write('<p>'+str(year)+'.'+str(month).rjust(2,'0')+'.'+str(day).rjust(2,'0')+' 已更新</p>')

match_href = []
start_link = "https://www.nature.com/nphys/research-articles"
html = urlopen(start_link).read().decode('utf-8')  # 打开网页
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, features='lxml') # 放入soup中
all_article = soup.find_all('article', {"class":"u-full-height c-card c-card--flush"}) 
for article in all_article:
    all_a_tag = article.find_all('a', href=True)  # 获取超链接标签
    for a_tag in all_a_tag:
        href = a_tag['href']  # 超链接字符串
        if re.search('/articles/', href): # 文章的链接
            if re.search('https://www.nature.com', href)==None:  # 如果链接不是完整的，那么补充完整
                href = 'https://www.nature.com'+ href
            if href not in match_href and re.search('\?', href)==None:  # 链接不重复
                match_href.append(href)
                f.write('<li><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"')
                f.write(href)   # 文章链接
                f.write('\">')
                f.write(a_tag.get_text())
                f.write('</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;')
    time = article.find('time', {"class": "c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg"}).get_text()
    f.write(time+'</li>')
f.close()
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